Tuesday, September 23, 2014

Back!/Male Feminism

So, I've been away for a second due to both professional and personal responsibilites. However, I'm back now and ready to reassume dropping some gems on a cross section of issues such as race(ethnicity), culture, politics, masculine feminism and the like. Let's start with the issue of Feminism. More so, the issue of being a male Feminist, which I consider myself to be. I think that it's a great time for this discussion as there is more conversation around gender violence taking place and a great speech that was given by actress Emma Watson a few days back(link here: http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/09/22/emma-watson-recruits-men-to-make-the-world-safer-for-women-with-heforshe-campaign/) .


 Here is a great essay below from a male's perspective.



 A New Masculinity: Why I Need Feminism as a Man May 7, 2014 by Jamie Utt


 As I was thinking through what I might say in this article, I found myself sitting in the back of a classroom, observing a teacher in a school where I was offering some bullying-prevention training. While the teacher was engaging the students in a discussion on the foundations of Judaism for a World Religions class, I noticed that a young man was wearing this t-shirt: Capture For the next ten minutes or so, I considered what I could say to engage this young brother in a discussion about the impacts of his choice in t-shirts. After all, he undoubtedly wears it to court attention, so a confrontation or preachy approach surely isn’t the best route. And I wasn’t sure of the best question that I could ask him to get him thinking about the problematic nature of his shirt. Then the bell rang, and he quickly grabbed his things and ran out the door, disappearing into a mass of students before I could get his attention. As I sit here hoping that one of the other men in his life calls him into a discussion, I am still not sure what I would have said to him, but I do know that the route that would likely be most successful in encouraging critical thought would be one that calls him to reconsider what it means to be a man. After all, I know that I’m more likely to critically engage when someone calls me in rather than simply calls me out. Sure, calling him out would have felt good, but calling him in may have led to change. That said, the “calling in” conversation isn’t likely to be a discussion I could have with him in passing, for a reconsideration of masculinity and gender isn’t exactly the stuff of hallway banter in a busy high school. Meeting Men Where They Are Yet reconsidering mainstream masculinity and its role in a wider system of gender oppression is one more of us as men need to take up in all of its nuance and complexity. And yet without fail, every time I have written something addressing the need for a new masculinity – one not rooted fundamentally in oppression, violence, and power over others – someone offers a comment or an e-mail about how my efforts are misguided. They argue that the problem is not just in masculinity, but in gender as a whole, and if we really want to end gendered oppression, we have to “blow the whole thing up.” While these comments are often quite thoughtful and give me much upon which to reflect, I still cannot really get behind the simple “Let’s just destroy gender” argument for one main reason: I don’t find it helpful for meeting most people where they are. If my goal is to engage men, and mostly cisgender men, in participating in the movement to end patriarchal oppression, telling men that we should just end gender doesn’t get me very far. Further, the “destroy gender” argument, while rooted in sound theory, doesn’t (at least as I’ve seen it offered) effectively address the ways in which people of all genders are invested, both positively and negatively, in current constructions of gender. Thus, while my ideas may be evolving, it’s possible that I simply see the need for construction of a new masculinity as part of the journey toward the reimagining of our current notion of gender altogether, but that doesn’t mean that we as men shouldn’t invest earnestly in transforming what it means to be a man. A Personal Investment in Realizing Change Let’s call a spade a spade: As it currently exists, masculinity is fundamentally an expression of patriarchal oppression. But it doesn’t have to be that way. However, until men understand our stake in transforming masculinity, of working against the system that offers us tremendous privilege, absolutely nothing will change. As much as the women I know would like to see more expressions of a nonviolent, positive masculinity grounded in feminist praxis (to borrow Paulo Freire’s educational term describing the intersection of reflection, theory, and practice), there’s no amount of wishing and hoping or work that women-identified people can do to change how masculinity functions as a tool of oppression without also engaging men in the work to transform masculinity. As men, we must call our brothers into an understanding of what we gain from reimagining and reconstructing masculinity in our lives and our relationships. And while surely part of that work must be related to and grounded in the wider feminist struggle of female- and non-binary-identified people to realize justice (as has been called for by fantastic men like Jackson Katz, Tony Porter, and many others), if our praxis rests solely in the other, in those other people impacted by patriarchal dominance and violence, how much investment can we truly have in actually changing a system that benefits us? Our work to change masculinity has to be grounded in more than paternalism or accountable relationships across difference (though the latter is vital). Our work to transform masculinity must be grounded in ourselves and our stories. After all, whether we can name it or whether we acknowledge it, the current masculine paradigm is toxic. It hurts us (though clearly not in the same ways or in proportion to how it hurts women and gender-Queer-identifying people). Masculinity as we know it inhibits our ability to build loving relationships with people of different genders and with those who also call themselves men. Masculinity as we know it prevents us from seeking the healing that we need, whether that’s healing from the impacts of violent pornography or from our emotional disconnection or from our own experiences of trauma and violence. Why Feminism Must be Central to the Transformation of Masculinity One of the reasons that the Men’s Rights Movement (MRM) has gained momentum is that it does speak to the hurt and insecurity that men feel. Sadly, though, it seems that the pro-male movement and MRM speak most often to those hurts, insecurities, and costs at the expense of anyone who doesn’t identify as male and without any real analysis or consideration of systems of power and oppression. And in doing so, they simply reinscribe traditional, toxic masculinity. It’s important, then, that a new masculinity be more than a simple recreation of the same systems of dominant power we see in the current masculine paradigm. As J.A. McCarroll puts it in this brilliant critique of “dude feminism,” a new masculinity must do more than create “a sort of masculinity triage, trying to eliminate violence against women, while still flattering men with the label of protector.” What we need to remember is that the MRM is not the only movement that calls for the needs of hurting men to be addressed. Most (dare I say all?) feminists and pro-feminist people recognize the need for a transformation of all gender roles as part of the work to change the system of patriarchal oppression. The vast majority of feminism is not so much anti-male as it is anti-traditional masculinity, as well it should be because of how traditional masculinity hurts everyone! After all, one of the most common stats that MRAs like to roll out is how men are far more likely to be victims of violence in society than women (though often they ignore that Trans* and non-binary people are those most likely to be violently attacked), but their analysis ignores how that violence stems from a violent masculinity: We are experiencing violence primarily at the hands of other men! Who fought to make federal definitions of sexual violence more inclusive? Feminists. And despite some common perceptions, the vast majority of feminist anti-violence support services (like sexual violence and domestic violence centers and hotlines) are inclusive of male survivors and are working to improve their practice all the time. Absolutely, the hurt and insecurity that male-identified people feel is sometimes written off with the “Well, boo hoo, do you see the oppression that women and Trans* or gender-nonconforming people are dealing with?” After all, there is a disproportionality of suffering in our patriarchal system. But that suffering, that trauma to our souls and our bodies, is not always solely gendered, and those truly fighting for justice recognize that we must redefine our gender norms to realize social change. Emerging from Hurt into a New Masculinity Whenever people ask why I am involved in the movement against sexual violence, I offer an equivocal response relating to the people in my own life who have been hurt and that describes the ways I’ve seen the impacts of sexual violence first hand. I usually also offer some acknowledgement of my understanding of my role as a man in ending sexual violence that is primarily committed by those who share my identity. And those are great reasons for some male-identified people to be a part of the movement. But for me, it also extends much deeper, and it extends into the destructive role that masculinity has played in my own life. From hypermasculine posturing almost ending a relationship with one of my best friends to masculine entitlement hurting my romantic relationships with women to masculine socialization restricting my fullest expression of self, the ways in which I’ve been taught to be a man have been far from the most positive influences in my life. But it wasn’t until recently that I truly understood just how deeply toxic masculinity has impacted me. Of late, I’ve been sorting through some memories, perhaps the most painful memories I hold. I’m not always clear on what happened, as these images are clouded in disassociation. And while I have for some time doubted whether or not it really happened, I have come to understand one of the core reasons that I, and sadly one in six other men, need a transformation of masculinity. I am a survivor of childhood sexual abuse. And like most survivors of sexual violence, this trauma was committed by a man that I trusted, one of the men in my life most committed to traditional constructions of masculinity. I have not shared this publicly before, and I need to be clear about why I do so now: The memories of this trauma that have led to midnight panic attacks are rooted fundamentally in destructive, poisonous masculinity. In A Language Older than Words and in A Culture of Make Believe, Derrick Jensen (an author whose writing I love but who I’ve recently struggled to support considering his cissexist and Transphobic actions) helped me to understand that so long as our identities are intricately tied to asserting power over others, as masculinity in the context of Western patriarchy surely is, we cannot ever truly realize healthy constructions of self or healthy relationships. In short, we need a new way to understand ourselves as men. And when I reflect deeply on my own hurt, I know that there are men like me who need a new expression of our gender. And I know without a shred of doubt that the “Men’s Rights Movement” and all of its investment in toxic masculinity, misogyny, and misplaced rage is not the place for me to find healing. And so I turn to my feminist community, a place where I know I will not only be held accountable, but where I will also find unending compassion and love, not only from female-identified people, but from people all across the gender spectrum, including from men who share my desire to see a new masculinity. There is much good that comes with how I’ve been socialized to be a man – brotherhood, strength, courage, and tenacity – which is why I don’t simply believe the answer, at least initially, is to abandon gender altogether. Instead, I want to see a masculinity where love, power with, and compassion replace dominance, power over, and violence, a masculinity where some of those good messages I learned from the men in my life endure while leaving behind the destructive things that hurt me and so many other male-identified people. *** So when I think back to what I would have said to that young man with the t-shirt, I’m not sure. But I do know that what I wanted to say is more than simply “Do you understand how much that shirt hurts women?” I wanted to find a way to help him understand how that expression of power over is indicative of a sickness, one that hurts us all, one that will ensure we continue to hurt if we don’t all explore our investment in fundamentally transforming masculinity as we know it. Because doing so might help him understand his own investment in transforming what it means to be a man. And it might help me come closer to knowing a different masculinity for myself.

Thursday, July 10, 2014

Pharrell Williams' and "The New Black"

Howard University Professor Isn’t Super Impressed with Pharrell Williams’ ‘New Black’ Comments


Pharrell Williams (Fred Dufour/Getty Images)
Pharrell Williams (Fred Dufour/Getty Images)
By Brian Ives
Pharrell Williams raised a few eyebrows over his statements about race in a recent interview with Oprah Winfrey, particularly his use of a term “the new black” — and a prominent professor at Howard University isn’t really buying it.
The superstar said in the Winfrey interview that “The new black doesn’t blame other races for our issues. The new black dreams and realizes that it’s not a pigmentation; it’s a mentality. And it’s either going to work for you, or it’s going to work against you. And you’ve got to pick the side you’re gonna be on.”
He discussed this same topic in his GQcover story: “This is the new black. Oprah Winfrey: That’s the new black. She’s a black billionaire. President Obama: He is a black American president. Regardless of what you think about him, this is his second term. That’s the new black. LeBron James: the first black man ever shot on a Vogue cover, a black man. Me: a guy that’s written a song at 40! Nominated for an Oscar, four GRAMMY awards — at 40! That’s the new black!”
Response to his term “the new black”  has been strong, inspiring the twitter hashtag#whatkindofblackareyou, and The Root offering  “25 Alternatives to Pharrell (or Any Other Celeb) for Insights Into ‘the New Black,’” listing links to people and organizations “Who care about these things, study these things, talk and report and write and educate on these things all the time — not just when Oprah asks.”
Dr. Greg Carr, Howard University associate professor & chair of the department of Afro-American Studies, reacted to Pharrell’s “new black” theory in a new interview (via HBCBuzz) — and doesn’t seem impressed.
“My first impression is, this is a young man who is an excellent marketer,” Carr said. “I don’t think that Pharrell believes that there’s a ‘new black.’ Perhaps there’s a new opportunity. If he thinks there’s a ‘new black,’ I think  a quick perusal of history, particularly style makers and culture keepers in black communities in this country, will reveal very quickly that that’s been an ongoing conversation since enslavement.
“It’d be interesting to visit Pharrell — and others — in, say, 30 years from now… and see if perhaps he might be more conservative.”
Dr. Carr was asked if it is possible for African-Americans to be aware of the past and not have it  have a major influence on life today — and he says it’s not structurally possible.
“For every heroic individual who succeeds, there are countless others who continue to struggle and be oppressed in their system,” he said. And he points out that while there are successful African-Americans, that has been the case for a long time: “Even during enslavement, you had a tiny fraction of black folks who had negotiated some space for themselves, to exist in the system. Same thing during Jim Crow. Same thing today.”
He poses a question to those who have tasted success on Pharrell’s level: “Are you really attempting to live a life that improves conditions for other people, beginning with the people that you come from? Or, are you just trying to enjoy your life, provide for yourself and your family, and have some fun before you close your eyes?
“The spectacle of blackness has always been something that society has grasped and wanted,” he continued. “We can go back to the 1840s. One of the leading performers in this country was a guy named Thomas ‘Daddy’ Rice, who used to blacken his face, he called himself ‘Jim Crow.’ He was one of the biggest performers in this country for doing dances that he said black people did.
“Fast forward 170 years, and you go on the Billboard charts. Is there anyone bigger than Robin Thicke? No! Do we see Miley Cyrus twerking? Yes! What does that mean?  Blackness has always been a commodity. And there have always been individuals who represented that kind of titilating proximity to blackness that people have wanted. So us being on GQ covers and being billionaires, that’s almost predictable. As Greg Tate wrote, ‘The thing about blackness, people want everything from blackness… but the burden.” Pharrell is saying, ‘Look at Obama.’ Yeah, look at Obama! And look at education. Look at Obama, and look at the prison-industrial complex. Look at Barack Obama and ask yourself a question: what has improved for the masses of black people in the six years of the Obama presidency. But people like his style! They love his wife’s style! The kids of beautiful, the mother-in-law’s in the White House. That’s improved the life of one family.”
Pharrell has not responded to Dr. Carr’s comments.

Monday, June 2, 2014

A Good Man That Will Be Missed


Richard Jaeggi dies, Gandhi Brigade founder

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Richard Jaeggi. Photo by Julie Wiatt.
BY BILL BROWN
[UPDATED 5/28/14] Richard Jaeggi, community activist, Gandhi Brigade Youth Media founder and executive director, and former Voice columnist, passed away Saturday morning, May 25, due to complications after surgery. Jaeggi fell ill over the May 10-11 weekend and underwent surgery for a brain tumor the following Tuesday, according to Jaeggi family statements. He was 60.
Founded in 2005 the non-profit Gandhi Brigade uses “video and other digital media as a tool to engage young people in the life of their community and to use the power of communication to transform the  world,” according to the website.
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Richard Jaeggi. Photo by Diana Kohn.
In his Gandhi Brigade bio Jaeggi wrote, “Before devoting myself full time to the building of the Gandhi Brigade I ran several community technology centers in Washington DC. I have made a living as a cabinet maker, a carpenter, a network administrator, a construction employment trainer, and as a cook on an oil supply boat. I spent two years in Nepal as a Peace Corps volunteer where I met my wife.
“I like to make things, swim, ride my bicycle on the local trails, and throw goofy parties that often involve fire. I am married to Yoshiko Zenfuku and have three children, Lisa, Daniel, and Isaac. I have lived in Silver Spring for 16 years and care deeply about my community.” Born in New Brunswick, NJ, he moved to the Washington DC region in 1986.
Prior to the Gandhi Brigade he worked in Washington DC in the field of community technology; first at For Love of Children where he set up the New Technology Center and then at the Howard University Center for Urban Progress where he set up technology centers at Cardozo High School and the Park Morton housing complex. After earning a Masters degree in Religious Studies he served in Nepal as a Peace Corps volunteer where he helped build village water systems. He met his wife Yoshiko there.
Mom+Dad[2]
Yoshiko and Richard Jaeggi. Photo by Isaac Jaeggi.
He took a four year sabbatical as a self-employed cabinetmaker and a stint as a network administrator. He was also the director of Tallahassee Habitat for Humanity and later a co-founder of Skill Builders, a construction training program at Manna.
He was active in civic and church groups: the Christ Congregational Church Board of Social Witness – as co-chair (’08-’10), the Silver Spring Town Center Steering Committee (’01-’05), the Presidents Council of Silver Spring Civics Associations, as coordinator (’01-’03)
He was also a member of the Town Center Working Group (’00), vice president of the Indian Spring Civic Association vice president (’99-’03), member of the Community, Arts, and Facilities subcommittee of the Silver Spring Steering Committee (’97), member of the Economic Subcommittee of the Silver Spring Development Steering Committee (’96), and co-founder of the Silver Spring Neighborhood Arts Project (’95).
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Jaeggi with the “Book of Turf” he made for people to say their goodbyes to the artificial turf. The turf was a temporary covering until the Silver Spring community center and plaza could be built, but the public grew to love it. Photo by Julie Wiatt.
Jaeggi wrote a Voice column about his home town Silver Spring “The Big Acorn.” He ended the column around the time he got involved in youth issues and the Gandhi Brigade.
In his August 2005 column entitled “Three Heroes” he wrote about his rolemodels. “And so it is that I, a man entering the last third of his life, continue to steer my life, for better or worse, according to the patterns set by this odd pantheon of heroes: a terrorist, a madman, and a religious fanatic.”
He admired Robin Hood, he said, for his “audacity wit, and a flagrant disregard for authority.” His “madman” hero was “Señor Don Quixote, who determined that the only life worth living was one of uncompromising service to the highest ideals.”
But Mahatma Gandhi had a “place of honor in my pantheon of heroes.” He wrote,”Gandhi a pacifist, was anything but passive. He was a warrior pure and simple—and a fighter for truth and justice.”
Newest Gandhi Logo
A memorial service to celebrate his life and honor his memory will be held Saturday, June 7th, 10:00 AM at Christ Congregational Church in Silver Spring, 9525 Colesville Rd, Silver Spring, MD. In a statement posted on the Ghandi Brigade’s Facebook page the family said they will attend the Gandhi Brigade’s Youth Media Festival this Saturday, May 31, and ask “those who feel moved to come participate, donate or just enjoy the event that my father worked so hard to organize for his community and it’s youth should please feel free to do so.”
Word of his passing spread across Facebook over the 3-day weekend. At-large county councilmember Marc Elrich posted the news on his page, calling Jaeggi “a tireless champion for children” and a “wonderful advocate.”
Presents[4]
Photo by Isaac Jaeggi.
Elrich wrote “I don’t think I ever saw him not smiling, and he was infectiously enthusiastic and passionate about this labor of love he’d embarked on.”
He notes Jaeggi’s party-with-fire aspect, also “And then there was the amazing ball of fire making it’s way through this Rube Goldberg contraption he and his buddies made, that marked the New Year with a glorious fire that went off in the back yard.”
Jaeggi’s and the Ghandi Brigade’s Facebook pages filled with posts expressing sorrow, shock, and homage.

Wednesday, March 26, 2014

My Brother's Keeper - Are Good Programs Enough?

Last week, in a joyous yet sobering White House East Room meeting, President Obama announced a long awaited initiative—My Brother’s Keeper—intended to improve opportunities and life outcomes for young African American  men and, by extension, our communities. He was flanked by some of these young men who would benefit and a cast of philanthropic leaders.
 
As someone who has dedicated the entirety of his professional career to improving the fate of young men of color, it was hard not be thrilled with the President’s sincere commitment and his use of the bully pulpit. In the late '80s and early '90s I worked at Sasha Bruce Youthwork, a Washington, DC youth services organization, where I was an outreach counselor for teens who were in trouble, out of school, or “doing dirt,” as they used to say. And for close to 10 years, on and off, I’ve worked at Vera. From both these experiences, I know there are both individual responsibility and structural dimensions to challenges confronting young men of color.
 
President Obama and the philanthropic partners who have signed on to invest $200 million over the next five years promise to find the programs that improve life chances for young men of color and to replicate them. I couldn’t agree more and we should laud the effort. As Assistant Attorney General Karol Mason said in her blog post about the initiative, it is designed to help every young man who “works hard and plays by the rules” have a chance to reach his full potential. Hard to argue with that.
 
But I also hope, as Mason’s blog post suggests and as others have observed, that the initiative’s architects will focus their firepower on more than deserving individuals and good programs. They should also look deeply at changing the structural factors—government policies and practices, among them—that are leading contributors to poor long-term outcomes for our young men. There are efforts around the country they can learn from and seek to replicate—such as, how New York City and New York State have begun to stanch the flow of kids into expensive and ineffective upstate detention facilities, and work with them close to home, close to family. They can look to the good work of a few brave and leading prosecutors, like John Chisolm of Milwaukee, who have changed case acceptance and supervisory policies in order to reduce disparities that resulted in more people of color being further ensnared in the justice system.
 
The President told those assembled in the East Room that government can’t fix the problem by itself. True enough. But there is a lot government can and should do to rectify unfair and unwise policies and practices—the structural determinants of inequity and blocked opportunity. Vera has a long track record of helping government do just this, and we will continue to do so with even more vigor and commitment in the coming years. I hope this element of the challenge is something that the architects of My Brother’s Keeper take to heart.
 
After all, it is not just about helping the rule followers. We also need to address some of the rules of the game.
 

Thursday, March 6, 2014

Kim Novak's Bid to Be Twice as Good

Hollywood's respectability politics are much the same as any other kind of respectability politics.





Here's a fairly great piece from Amanda Hess on how we judge actresses in their youth, and how we expect them to disappear when they age:
...81-year-old Vertigo star Kim Novak—who was roundly mocked for turning up onstage, two decades after her last movie, exhibiting extensive plastic surgery—might as well be dead. As comedian Rob Delaney cruelly joked: “Will they have time to edit Kim Novak into the In Memoriam section?” Even Matthew McConaughey’s mother, who last night aspired only to the role of proud parent, was eviscerated for rocking a keyhole-neck gown that gave the world a peek at her cleavage, which apparently only young women are allowed to possess. Twitter commentators deemed the view “leathery,” “ancient,” “inappropriate,” and “terrifying.”
So how ought an actress age? Throughout the evening, 67-year-old Sally Field (who appeared as a presenter) and 64-year-old Meryl Streep (nominated for August: Osage County) were compared favorably to Minnelli and Novak for daring to age “gracefully” and “naturally.” But we don’t know what Streep and Field do to maintain their looks—all we know is that they have successfully navigated Hollywood’s dual requirement to look amazing post-60 while never signaling that they’ve worked at it. That means avoiding obvious plastic surgery, but it can also mean spending your life investing in the habits, trainers, diets, creams, and treatments that add up to a “natural” look in old age. (Dodging illness and disability—Novak survived breast cancer in 2010—surely doesn’t hurt.)
I've spent the past couple of years thinking about the "twice as good" notion in the black community, and the bindings that we put on young black boys so that their country will not kill them. Of course "twice as good" ultimately means half as many arrive, and those who do receive half as much. Let us dispense with self-congratulation and great men. The question is not, "What did Jackie Robinson achieve in spite of racism?" It is, "How much more would he have achieved without it?" An ethic of "twice as good" divorced from any complaint, divorced from history is "Go for self" and can have no effect whatsoever upon a justice system, upon voter ID laws, upon asset forfeiture, upon Wells Fargo. The masses of the plundered will never be respectable to those who plunder them. The essence of plunder is disrespect. They can never respect you. They hate you, sir.
And I think these ideas only incidentally relate to who we call "black" and who we do not. Black people are older than white supremacy. And plunder is broad.  The female body, always marked as a field for plunder, illustrates the point.  The double standard that demands that black boys play classical music and comport themselves like Barack Obama, is comparable to the double standard that asks one thing of Jack Nicholson and another of Meryl Streep. Kim Novak also got The Talk...
When Novak entered the industry in the 1950s, studio executives made her cap her teeth, bleach her hair, shrink her body with a strict diet and exercise regime, and perpetually paint her face with the help of a personal makeup artist. I wonder where she got the idea that she mattered for her looks?
Novak's failure to absorb and fully implement this awesome wisdom makes her a target for humiliation and ultimately, maybe not death, but banishment from the public stage. 
We should probably stop bragging about Jackie Robinson, and remember that he died young. We should probably cite Ginger Rogers mostly as damning evidence. We comfort ourselves with individuals who get over, ignoring the broad masses who—necessarily—cannot. I think we should pause before noting that Sally Field is "aging well." Most of her fellow human females will not. That is because the very notion of "aging well" is riven with all our notions of who owns their body and who does not. 
Of course Baldwin knew:
The people, however, who believe that this democratic anguish has some consoling value are always pointing out that So-and-So, white, and So-and-So, black, rose from the slums into the big time. The existence -- the public existence -- of, say, Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis, Jr. proves to them that America is still the land of opportunity and that inequalities vanish before the determined will. It proves nothing of the sort. The determined will is rare -- at the moment, in this country, it is unspeakably rare -- and the inequalities suffered by the many are in no way justified by the rise of a few. [Emph. added]
A few have always risen -- in every country, every era, and in the teeth of regimes which can by no stretch of the imagination be thought of as free. Not all these people, it is worth remembering, left the world better than they found it. The determined will is rare, but it is not invariably benevolent. Furthermore, the American equation of success with the big time reveals an awful disrespect for human life and human achievement.
Forgive me if I have distracted, in any way, from Amanda Hess's piece. You start thinking and you're not sure what will come out.